PhD Candidate - Environmental and economic life cycle assess- ment of biomass fuels in Kenya and Tanzania
Call for PhD Candidate
Environmental
and economic life cycle assess-
ment of biomass fuels in Kenya and Tanzania
ment of biomass fuels in Kenya and Tanzania
Project
background
CDE
recently acquired the project “Knowledge
support for sustainable renewable energy policies: The prospects of pro-poor
biomass energy value chains in rural–urban contexts in East Africa” in the frame of the Research for
Development call of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) and the Swiss
Agency for Development Cooperation (SDC). The project combines a value chain
approach at local scale with a spatial analysis approach including life cycle
assessments at meso-scale, in view of achieving an analytical framework for
integrating local biomass energy value chains into spatially explicit models of
sustainable biomass fuel production.
Key
issue of the PhD research
National governments in East Africa have
recognised the urgency of fostering poor households’ access to renewable energy
and of developing sustainable (i.e. socially acceptable, economically viable,
technically feasible, and environmentally sound) energy solutions. The project
hypothesizes that there are non-industrial value chains for biomass energy –
e.g. charcoal, firewood, biogas, oleiferous crops – that are technically
feasible, environmentally sound, affordable, safe, and socially acceptable to
the urban poor, and that offer income for rural communities in urban
catchments. However, there is a lack of knowledge of the environmental impacts
and the economic costs along the whole value chain of such biomass energy.
Research
objective and questions
The PhD
study will contribute to the project’s 1st research goal: To investigate the social acceptance, economic
viability, technical feasibility, and environmental impacts of alternative
value chains for biomass energy for cooking in two rural–urban contexts in
Kenya and Tanzania, based on participatory development of regional energy
scenarios.
Main
research question: What
environmental impacts and economic costs do selected biomass fuels generate
along the value chain from production in rural to consumption in urban areas?
Specific
research questions: (1) What are the
potential of local biomass energy value
chains for cooking? (2) What are adequate
economic and environmental indicators for a reliable assessment of selected
value chains? (3) What data is
required for a reliable assessment of these indicators? What data is available?
Where are important gaps? (4) What methods are most appropriate for the
acquisition of the missing data? (5) What is theeconomic viability and
environmental impacts of selected biomass energy value chains for cooking?
Methodology
Adapted environmental and economic life cycle
assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methodology based on ISO 14040
and 14044 standards: evaluation of data situation, collection of life cycle
inventory (LCI) data, analysis, and assessment enabling conclusions about
environmental impacts and economic viability. A standardised LCC method exists,
but we assume that it does not adequately reflect Kenyan and Tanzanian
contexts. We will therefore work together with stakeholders to develop adequate
cost indicators that reflect the livelihood reality and evaluation criteria of
the different actors along the selected value chains.
Available
data and existing knowledge gap
Ecoinvent/Empa
have developed a comprehensive data inventory for various biomass fuels, which
can be used, but needs to be complemented and interlinked with specific data on
the East African context from literature review and surveys. Data on biomass
energy costing in East Africa is incomplete, and probably not specific to the
study area and to the indicators defined by the stakeholders. Available
information will be collected in an initial literature review. An extensive
survey among actors of the various value chains will help to fill remaining
information gaps.
Required
competences
· Master
in natural science or related fields, with a strong interest in economics
· Excellent
skills in quantitative research, particularly in the acquisition, statistical
analysis and consolidation of life cycle inventory data.
· Good knowledge of the life cycle assessment
(LCA) method, preferably through case studies
· High
social competences in interacting with stakeholders at different levels.
· Excellent
skills in oral and written communications (English).
· Experience
in computer modelling and good skills using spreadsheet analysis.
· Great
interest in working with an interdisciplinary and international team.
· Willingness
to travel and work in the field.
· Great
interest to learn, research, and outreach on sustainability issues
Expected outputs
· High
quality LCI data for spatial modelling
· PhD
thesis: Economic viability and
environmental impacts of alternative value chains for biomass energy for
cooking in two rural–urban contexts in Kenya and Tanzania.
· At
least one peer-reviewed paper as main author and one policy brief
· Conference
paper
Note: Outputs 3 and 4 will be produced in collaboration with other
researchers of the project.
What the research project
offers
· Work in
an inter- and transdisciplinary and international team
· PhD
salary according to Kenyan standards during 3 years
· Field
expenses, travel allowances
· Supervision
at CETRAD; Kenya with scientific backstopping by Rainer Zah and Jürgen Reinhard
(life cycle specialists) at Quantis International
Place of field study
Mwingi
(Kenya) and Dodoma (Tanzania)
Timeframe
October
to December 2013: PhD outline formulation.
January
2014 to December 2016: PhD research work.
Application
Please
submit applications including letter of interest and CV not later than
September 6th 2013 to:
Boniface Kiteme, Centre for Training and Research in ASAL Development (CETRAD),
Nanyuki, Kenya (b.kiteme@africaonline.co.ke)
PhD Candidate - Environmental and economic life cycle assess- ment of biomass fuels in Kenya and Tanzania
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